![]() The first autosomal genes, albino and pink-eyed dilution, were linked in 1915 ( Haldane et al., 1915). Genetic mapping in mice began in the early 1900s. The current ability to create highly sophisticated, genetically engineered mice by inserting transgenes or targeted mutations into endogenous genes has also made the laboratory mouse the most widely and heavily used experimental animal. These studies have grown exponentially during the current century with the recognition of the power of the mouse for gene and comparative mapping and have made the laboratory mouse, in genetic terms, the most thoroughly characterized mammal on earth ( Morse, 1979 Silver, 1995 Lyon et al., 1996). The laboratory mouse was employed in comparative anatomical studies as early as the seventeenth century, but accelerated interest in biology during the nineteenth century, a renewed interest in Mendelian genetics, and the research requirement for a small, economical mammal that was easily housed and bred were instrumental in the development of the “modern” laboratory mouse. Since the mid-1980s, strains have been developed from Asian mice ( M. musculus musculus (from eastern Europe) and M. Laboratory strains were usually derived from mice bred by mouse fanciers and their genomes are a mixture of M. The house mouse of North America and Europe, Mus musculus, is the species commonly used for biomedical research. ![]() ![]() Anatomical features of the molar teeth and cranial bones help differentiate it from other murids. The laboratory mouse is assigned to the genus Mus, subfamily Murinae, family Muridae, order Rodentia. ![]()
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